![]() ![]() A lamb with a circular halo within which the cross appears, for example, is a common figure for Christ.Ĭollinet-Guérin, M. Halos also appear around the heads of animals who symbolize a saintly or divine figure. A cross within the circle of light is used to signify Christ. The Virgin Mary always appears with a circular halo. Trinitarian figures often have three rays of light emanating from the head. The square is inferior to the circle and is associated with the earth. Square zones of light behind the head are used to show that the person was living at the time the painting was made. When used for human figures, the halo represents holiness or sanctity, and its iconography is developed to mark important distinctions between the figures represented. By the eighth century, square halos were used to designate donors, bishops, and popes. In the fifth century and after, it was extended to the Virgin Mary, angels, and saints. In the third and fourth centuries, the halo or nimbus (Latin: ‘cloud’ or ‘mist’) was used only for Christ and the lamb. Similarly, in Christianity, halos around the head of a figure mark it as divine or saintly. The halo is used in Hellenistic representations of gods and goddesses and those associated with them. In this way, the halo points to the transcendent nature of the bodhisattva. Within some Mahayana Buddhist texts, for example, bodhisattvas are described as having halos studded with 500 Buddhas, each attended by numberless gods. In other traditions, the connection to light symbolism is much more general, pointing to intellect, knowledge, or enlightenment. This is clearest in the Inca god, Viracocha, who wears a tiara that is also a sun. The indigenous civilizations of Central America depict agrarian gods with golden crowns or halos, suggesting an association of the halo with the sun. Halo The halo, usually represented as a luminous figure around the head of a god or holy person, appears in the iconography of a number of religious traditions. lowrie, Arts in the Early Church ( New York 1947), profusely illustrated. ferguson, Signs and Symbols in Christian Art ( New York 1959). leclercq, Dictionnaire d'arch éologie chr étienne et de liturgie, 15 v. The blessed, those beatified but not yet canonized, are depicted with a halo less explicit, formed by shafts of light radiating from behind the head.īibliography: h. The halos of the Blessed Virgin are often elaborately decorated, whereas those of the saints are usually simple gold bands. The triangular, or Trinitarian, halo is often composed of three broad rays of light issuing from the head. The square was used because in symbolism it represents the earth and temporal things and is inferior to the circle, which expresses eternity and heaven. ![]() This latter form is not now in common usage, though in ancient iconography it frequently was placed behind the head of the donor portrayed in a fresco or painting. When triangular, the halo designates the Holy Trinity or God the Father when circular, a saint or (with cross superimposed) Our Lord when square, a living person. Gold is ordinarily employed as most expressive of effulgence. It is usually a circle of gold surrounding the head, though at times it is shaped as a triangle or square. ![]() ![]() 3 Although CSF leakage occurs in 2%–21% of basal skull fractures, a recent review does not support the use of prophylactic antibiotics to prevent the development of meningitis.Greek ἅ λ ω ς in Christian art a symbol of the moral excellence of the person whom it adorns. Guidelines recommend a CT scan of the head when basal skull fracture is suspected. 2 However, the sign was not specific to CSF: mixtures of blood with saline, tears or rhinorrhea also produced halos filter paper, paper towel, coffee filters and linen all showed a ring. Although the value of this sign has been debated, an experiment showed that the sign was consistently visible when CSF concentrations were 30%–90% when mixed with blood. This test uses the principle of chromatography: different components of a fluid mixture will separate as they travel through a material. 1 The “halo” or “double-ring” sign is a classic image in medicine and was taught as a method for determining whether bloody discharge from the ears or nose contained cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A halo pattern on a bedsheet produced by bloody otorrhea from a 27-year-old man who had been in a motor vehicle collision.īasal skull fracture should be considered in all patients with head injuries, especially those with physical signs such as otorrhea, Battle sign or periorbital ecchymoses. ![]()
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